Start with "Taoyuan Jiazhi"

 -- On the profound influence of Liu Yuxi's poetry, calligraphy and painting in Langzhou on the cultural history and culture of Changde Peach Blossom source

Maushin process

    In the past, Taohuayuan was just a scenic spot and a major scenic spot in Changde City。But now we Changde, but has become a peach blossom in the city。

    Today, what I want to tell you here is that the poetry, calligraphy and painting left by Liu Yuxi and others in Langzhou at that time has played a sensational effect and produced a far-reaching impact on the cultural history and culture of Changde Peach Blossom Source。
 

    As for why Liu Yuxi will be banished to Langzhou，And Liu Yuxi Longzhou ten years in our Changde literature history made outstanding contributions，In fact, the two professors of the College of Arts and Sciences, Liu Mengchu and Dai Zhichuan, and Mr. Ying Guobin of the Local Zhi Office of the Municipal Party Committee，It is elaborated in three literatures, Liu Yuxi's Poem Study in Langzhou, Liu Yuxi's Exile to Wuling and Liu Yuxi's Ten Years in Changde。Because of time constraints, I will not repeat it here。

    Tao Yuanming, a famous poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty，To create an ideal society distinct from the dark reality，With rich imagination and superb fictional techniques，With the help of the imperial year title and the Nanyang hermit Liu Ziji who loved to travel to the mountains and rivers, the real existence of the real person，After the "Peach Blossom Source Story" was conceived and rendered，In the 300 years before Liu Yuxi came to Langzhou at the beginning of the eighth century，There have also been Zhang Xu, Li Bai, Wang Wei, Liu Changqing and other people to the peach flower source，And respectively left "peach blossom Creek", "Peach blossom two", "Taoyuan Travel" and "sending people to visit Taoyuan Cave" and other poems。There have also been people like Tao Yuanming, Wang Changling, Lu Lun, etc., although people did not come to the Peach Blossom source, they dreamed or praised the peach Blossom Source, and wrote such chapters as "Peach Blossom Source Poem", "Leaving Wuling Yuan Cheng", "with Ji Zhongfu dream Peach Blossom two"。However, these are only those who came in a hurry and left in a hurry, or passers-by, who have little impact, leave some observations, express some general sighs, and then go away, some of them all on the basis of imagination。And really open the door of the peach blossom source, uncover her veil, and make it reveal the true face of the peach blossom source, also when the number of AD 805-AD 814, Liu Yuxi, a court official who served as Langzhou Sima in Changde。

    In 805 AD, that is, at the end of the reign of Emperor Dezong Li Shi, a vigorous "eternal Zhen reform" failed miserably in the Tang Dynasty and also in Chinese history。即位不到一年，行使新政才146天的唐顺宗李诵，被迫让位于太子李纯（宪宗），王俶文遭杀害，王伾被逼死。Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan, Han Tai and other eight horses were expelled from the capital。On September 13, Liu Yuxi, then 33 years old, left Chang 'an with his wife Xue, who was pregnant, depressed and angry, and made his way to Luoyang. Later in September, he and his mother, Mrs. Lu, traveled south by carriage with his brother Liu Shenxi and his nephew Liu Wei。To Liu Yuxi's surprise, as soon as he arrived in Jiangling (now Jingzhou), Hubei Province, on November 14, he received an imperial decree from the Imperial Court to change his Lianxu governor to Langzhou Sima, on the grounds that "the demotion was not enough to satisfy his responsibility"。It can be imagined that at this moment, Liu Yuxi's political situation and living environment are how severe and dangerous。

    Ten years after Liu Yuxi came to Changde, Longzhou Sima was appointed, first Yu Wenshu, five years later Xu Qi。In the view of these two court officials, Liu Yuxi was also their colleagues before, and the official title of the local Si Ma, different from the central Si Ma, is a virtual sinecure。In addition to his Liu Yuxi is to be handed down to here, and consciously build their own "shanty" in the side of the Zhaoqu Pavilion, it will turn a blind eye to let him go to "laugh about the great scholar, no white Ding", and often cited poetry to the Bi Xiao。

    Liu Yuxi is Liu Yuxi。Although he was in adversity after the failure of his desire to reform the government, he, like Qu Yuan, held the great feelings of "nine deaths without regret" and "worry about the country without seeking health".。After adjusting their own mentality, they attacked the current problems, attacked the darkness, mocked the corrupt officials, and denounced them。He wrote more than 200 poems and articles in Langzhou at that time。Among the thousands of poems and essays that exist in his life, this accounts for nearly a quarter, which is a major contribution to the literature history of Changde。In particular, poems such as "Taoyuan Line", "August 15 Taoyuan Playing Moon", "Hurt Taoyuan Xue Taoist", "Jing Fubo Shrine" and "Wen Taoist Song" have become the most valuable cultural historical materials of Taohua Yuan。

    In 813, that is, in the spring of the eighth year after Liu Yuxi's official dismissal of Langzhou's Sima, the Tang Dynasty appointed Dou Chang as the governor of Langzhou。This is a good surprise for Liu Yuxi。Because Dou and Liu are both the same Bangjin, and once served as an official in the same dynasty, they are really "hardcore buddies"。Good to what extent, good to Liu Yuxi and Dou's three brothers are good friends, good to Dou Chang others are still on the way to the Hubei Songzichang River, he could not keep down his inner joy, wrote "Ren Wuling, cold food day travel Songzidu, first send Liu Yuxi" a seven rules:

Apricot flower Yupod Xiaofeng before the clouds left the ship on the gorge。
River turn number Cheng flooded post riding, Chu had three households less populated。
Look at spring and Qingming Festival, count old heavy by Deci years。
Fortunately in vain when the mountain county house, in the long chant "Bu Ju"。

    It was also one day in the early summer of this year that the new Longzhou historian Dou Chang, who had completed the handover procedures with the former Langzhou governor Xu Quan, invited Liu Yuxi to come to the peach flower source in the 35th cave of the Taoist holy land。On this day, both of them were in good spirits。For Dou Chang, it is a newcomer to see Tao Yuanming's description of the paradise on earth。For Liu Yuxi, his son died two years ago, his wife died a year ago, seven or eight years have not been so happy, so far today, can be in the best state of mind in this best environment, traveling with old friends, its mood is particularly happy, especially relaxed。When the Taoist monk Xue, who knew the rhythm, the music theory and the piano well, asked them to leave some ink after playing the song "Sigui Yin", Liu Yuxi answered the request and wrote the four characters "Taoyuan Jiazhi" in an unambiguous letter, and also stayed in this Taoyuan Guan for a night。

    Back to the Langzhou mansion, Liu Yuxi in order to express his feelings with Dou Chang to Taohuayuan, in a very short time, wrote a very famous, but also very able to show Taohuayuan mountain appearance water color and idyllic scenery "You Taoyuan One hundred rhyme"。The concept of a rhyme has to be at least 200 sentences。In Liu Yuxi's poem "One hundred rhymes", there are more than 60 rhymes describing the peach flower source at that time, which can be seen in his Liu Yuxi's heart, how much love and respect for Tao Yuanming's peach flower source。

    Liu Yuxi's song "Yu Taoyuan One hundred rhyme", the first reader is of course Sinus Chang。After reading Liu's poems, Dou was also full of interest while clapping the table。Associating with Liu Yuxi that day, he saw the ancient road of Xianyang and the blessed land of Dongtian in the Peach Garden, and Dou Chang, who was good at ink painting, also painted a group of Peach Garden Pictures in a very short time.。Soon, after this picture was praised by everyone and encouraged by Liu Yuxi, Dou Chang entrusted Liu Yuxi's "You Taoyuan One hundred rhyme" to (Han Yu's wife's brother) Lu Ting, a doctor in the court, known as Mr. Nangong。After Lu Ting saw Dou Chang's "Taoyuan Map" and Liu Yuxi's "You Taoyuan One Hundred Rhyme", he was full of praise and appreciation, and also wrote an inscription on the frieze。

    Han Yu was a famous prose scholar and a leading figure in the ancient writing movement of the Tang Dynasty. It is said that he had a good relationship with Liu Yuxi and Dou Chang。However, although Liu Yuxi's poems are sublime and Dou Chang's paintings are vivid, although he agrees with Liu's "source searching for ancient caves", he does not agree with him "opening his mouth to talk about gods" in the peach blossom source.。When he thought of Liu Yuxi's poem "Taoyuan Line", there were "peach blossoms full of streams like mirrors, dust hearts like dirt wash not to go" and "fairy home to find no trace, so far, the" old master "still came to the gas。Even he has also hung this group of "Taoyuan Map" of Dou Chang in the hall with others to enjoy, play with, and even contract and refuse to give up。But he finally in his poem blame Dou often more mouth busybody, Lu Ting meddling to help at the same time, blame Liu Yuxi "immortals have no slim, peach said absurd.。And these two lines of poetry, that is, Han Yu wrote in the autumn of 813 AD that has nineteen rhyming title "Taoyuan Picture"。

    Speaking of Han Yu, it should be said that he himself was a person who was not valued by the emperor。He was not only against Taoism, but also against Buddhism。In his opinion, it's all superstition。I remember that in the fourteenth year of Yuan and He (AD 819), he also wrote an article on the Buddha Bone Table, and strongly opposed the Xianzong Emperor to welcome the finger bones of Shakyamuni, the Buddhist leader invited from the tower of Famen Temple, and offended Li Chun, Li Chun wanted to punish him。Later, because of Peidu, Cui Qun and others interceded, only to avoid the death penalty, was demoted to Chaozhou。But less than a year later, as soon as Li Heng ascended the throne, he pardoned him。That is, in these eight months, the Chaozhou people have not forgotten him。It is said that the local Chaozhou Teachers' College was changed into Hanshan Teachers' College, and a small river formerly called Evil River was changed into Han River。）

    In fact, at that time, Liu Yuxi faced Han Yu's cold water and such accusations in the poem, it did not matter。Because he and Dou Chang's move, but also just to share with relatives and friends in Chang 'an, Taoqian artistic conception and the scenery of Qin and Jin。Moreover, although Liu himself praised the magic land of Changde Peach Blossom Source in many of his poems, when he realized the political ambition of reforming the government and this historical task, his heart also sang in the poem very paradoxically: "Turn over and fear of losing the township and county, and refuse to live in peach Blossom.。"Afraid of losing morale in this peach blossom, while away the time.。Think of here, he is more than one thing less, with him Han Yu。

    只是，We Changde peach garden，By Liu Yuxi, Dou Chang, Lu Ting and Han Yu et al，In the capital so praise and criticism，A blow and a blow，Such disputes and speculation，That's a lot to stir up，To the officials in the court，Frustrated politicians and underappreciated students，There was great interest，With added curiosity。In short, it enhances their yearning for our Changde Peach Blossom source, a place with a mysterious color。As a result, one by one came to or dream of this year to avoid the Qin people's seclusion place, peep at the "peach blossom source of good farming" this worldly peace, with people without contention。Want to see after all, express feelings, write down what you see and hear poetry。For example, after Du Mu, the imperial historian of supervision at that time, came to the peach Blossom source, he wrote "Wang Xiucai Peach Blossom Source See you send".。After Duan Cheng-style came to Taohua Yuan, he wrote "Taoyuan Monks' House Looking at Flowers".。When Quan Deyu, a scholar of the Ministry of Rites, came to the Peach Garden, he wrote the Peach Garden Chapter.。After Sikongtu came to Taohuayuan, he wrote Wuling Road.。After Wu Zetian's great-great-nephew Wu Yuanheng, a servant in the Ministry of Household, came to Taohuayuan, he wrote "Taoyuan Walk to send Friends" and "Taoyuan Cave".。After Wang Jian came to the peach Blossom, he wrote Wuling Spring Day.。Hongwen Hall school book Lang Li Qunyu borrowed back to Lizhou opportunity, to Taohuayuan wrote "Taoyuan Cave"。After Li Honggao, a servant of the Ministry of Punishment, came to Taohuayuan, he wrote "Taoyuan".。还有，There were more than 20 court officials such as Li Dewu and Li Zhi, Yu Ye, Liu Cang, Zhang Jie, Liu Shang, Hu Zeng, and monks such as Shi Liangran and Qisi who did not rank first，Taoist Cao Tang and Jiuhuashan hermit Zhang Qiao，Also have come to the Taohuayuan this worldly fairy source，And each wrote to express the best peach flower after the poem，It is particularly worth pointing out，Famous Taoist Lu Yan (Dong Bin)，I have also come here many times to retreat，And wrote "Qin Ren Cave", "Peach Blossom River", "Rope boat Island", "Fairy path Pavilion", "Hollow fir", "Alchemy Tai", "GUI He Feng" and "Taochuan Xian Yin" and other seven unique poems about the eight scenes of peach flower source eight。

    Even in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, after the hype of people like Liu Yuxi and others, the sensational effect of Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom source was still constantly developing "yeast".。And even more so。For example, after Zhang Yong, a scholar of the Ministry of Rites, came to the peach flower source, he wrote "Looking at Taoyuan Mountain in the evening in the boat".。After Tao Bi, Governor of Shunzhou, came to Taohua Yuan, he wrote "Taohua Yuan", "Misi Ma Wrong City" and "Changde".。After Mei Yaochen, an official in the imperial capital of Shangshu, came to Taohuayuan, he wrote "Wuling Trip" and "Preface to Taohuayuan Poems".。After returning home to Taohuayuan, Dr. Zhang rong wrote "Taohuayuan Rhyme and pay plum Bachelor Yaochen".。After Wang Anshi, who is known as the eight masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, came to Taohuayuan, he wrote "Taoyuan Travel".。Wang Shipeng, the bachelor of Longtu Pavilion, wrote a Preface to the Taohuayuan Poem after he came to Taohuayuan.。After Wang Tinggui, director of the Imperial Prison, went to the peach Blossom, he wrote "and Liu Zhonghua Shangshu listen to Baoyue Spring dawn".。The neo-Confucianist Huan Zhang Ge prepared Zhu Xi to go to the peach flower source, and wrote the Peach Stream.。After Lu You came to Taohuayuan, he wrote "Taoyuan".。Nguyen Hao-wen and Ruan Du-ming, left Minister of Shangshu Province, wrote "Taoyuan Map Two" and "Taoyuan Line" after they came to Taohuayuan.。After Wu Shidao, the master of the Rites, came to Taohuayuan and wrote the Peach Garden Picture. Zhao Mengfu, the eleventh generation grandson of Zhao Kuangyin, came to Taohuayuan and wrote the Peach Garden Picture, the Peach Garden Spring Xiao Picture of the Master of Shang Defu, and the Peach Garden Painting。In addition, after Jiang Kui, who is known as the White Stone Daoist, came to Taohuayuan, he also wrote "Once You Taoyuan Mountain", and after Xiao Lizhi, a hermit, came to Taohuayuan, he also wrote "Changde of giving People away".。Although Su Dongpo, a great writer, did not come to see the "Bright Moon of Qin Dynasty and peach blossoms at the mouth of the Cave" here, he eventually wrote a "Peach Blossom Source Poem with Tao Yuanming" based on his feelings.。

    In the Ming and Qing dynasties, due to the influence of "Peach Blossom Source" and the favor of Liu Yuxi's Peach Blossom Source, literati and scholars, they can also go to Changde Peach Blossom Source this ideal society to give a good, this peach blossom source, it is really "the ancient and modern visitors busy."。After Wang Shouren, the military secretary of the Ming Dynasty, came, he sang four songs, such as "Taoyuan Evening Park" and "Taoyuan Cave"。兵部尚书毛伯温来之后，吟唱了《皇冠手机比分网官方入口》。After the neo-Confucianist Jiang Xin came, he sang "Taoyuan".。Wen Zhengming, who is known as the four talents of Wu Zhong, sang "Peach Blossom Land" after he came.。After Zou Yuanbiao, the left servant of the Ministry of Punishment, sang three songs, such as "Taoyuan Cave Song" and "Viewing Liu Yuxi's Taoyuan Cave book wall.。

     One of the two wonders of Zou Yuanbiao is: ancient and modern guest Changqing, big characters still exist。I am farther than the Langzhou stream, the monument to see the first return。

    The second is: escape sentence Xuan all who cut, ten years Chu water times can be sad。Yelang went this long way, and Liu Lang also came after being surprised。

    The above two seven, is the Wanli years of the scholar Zou Yuanbiao, in the position of the right servant of the Ministry of punishment, because of the offense of the Prime minister Zhang Juzheng and was relegated to the south of Guizhou, through Langzhou specially to the peach flower source, read Liu Yuxi's inscription of the "Taoyuan Jia Zhi" tablet, issued a feeling。Expressed that although he was far lower than Liu Sima in that year, he would never have a sense of loss。）

    Since then, Jiang Yingke and the two brothers of the public security school, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zhongdao, have sung many songs such as "Taochuan Shanggong Two songs", "Peach Blossom Source and Jingjie Rhyme", and "Peach Blossom Flowing Water Four Songs"。Xu Zonglu, the imperial historian of you, sang the Peach Blossom Tree under the peach Blossom Source four songs.。After his arrival, he sang "Pan Momochuan"。According to the imperial historian should be Pingping, singing "Peach hole Spring breeze"。There are also Yang Sichang, Yang Shanzi father and son, since then, sang "Green Luo Mountain", "Qin Ren Cave and friends rhyme" and "Taoyuan Cave", "Yiwang Mountain"。After the arrival of Long Ying and Dragon Ren 僎, the father and son sang "Lian Dan Tai", "Fubo Temple" and "Spring Days from the River into Taoyuan Villa".。There are also a large number of Wuling talents such as 髡残, Long Xiangxiao, Chen Keyu, Long Defu, Yin Wei, Wan Song, Wen Hu, Ypthma, Li Xian, Li Zheng, Wen Shu, Luo Qiding, Que Shiqi Que Shilin brothers, and Yue Dai, a famous hermit，It was influenced by Liu Yuxi's appeal to Tao Yuanming in Langzhou，In search of loss，Seek relief，And they all came here，He left many poems favoring peach blossom。Later, in the Qing Dynasty, Cha Shenxing, Li Yu, Tao Shu and Li Yuandu also followed suit and left their works such as Zhoufa Taohua Yuan, Taohua Yuan Map, Crossing the Peach Blossom Stream and Revisiting Taohua Yuan。Aixin Jueluo Hongli several times under the south, although there is no chance to come to Wuling Changde, but he still wrote "the Peach blossom source of the people sent the fisherman out of the source" and "the Peach Blossom source of the fisherman returned to the road" poem two, for the cultural accumulation of peach blossom source has played a certain role in promoting。

    At this time last year, a broadcaster of CCTV was hyping Youyang Taohuayuan every day。That there are only two places in the world。One in his own heart, one in Chongqing Youyang。We sat for seven hours by car, specially went to have a look, the feeling is that the natural landscape is more than enough, and the cultural landscape is insufficient。Couplets at the door of the cave cloud: without a trace Yulang path;There is evidence for the Tao Ling article。Not even the author's name。Another is engraved on the doorway of Tao Gong Temple, cloud "its meaning is usually close to the landscape longitudinal life proud;This willingly hidden pastoral open a generation of poetic style。Then there is the inscription of former Premier Li Peng "striving to build a good Youyang Peach Blossom Source", which is hung in a more prominent place in the ticket office。Nothing more。And our Changde Peach blossom source, according to the preliminary statistics recorded in the "Peach Blossom Source Records" in 1986, in addition to the white horse snow Tao, fishing village sunset, green Luo Qing painting and other eight natural landscapes, there are such as the collection of Xian Temple, Taoyuan View, Yuxian Bridge, playing moon pavilion such scenic spots and cultural landscape attractions 36。There are 34 pieces of prose and prose, such as "Peach Blossom Source Fu", "Peach Blossom Source Ji" and "Rerepair Peach Blossom Palace Ji" before the Qing Dynasty。There are more than 500 poems written by 260 ancient celebrities up to (Qing) Song Jiaoren。There are 35 pairs of couplets written by court officials and literati before the Qing Dynasty。There are more than 50 stone tablets carved before the Qing Dynasty。There are more than 80 paintings and calligraphic works such as "Taoyuan Picture", "Taohua Picture", "Taoyuan Eight Scenes Picture" and "Taoyuan Inquiry"。One scene at a time, one scene at a time。Its profound cultural heritage, like a historical river, has a long history。The accumulation of these cultures is also the accumulation of history。This is not only the valuable wealth of Taohuayuan, but also the valuable wealth of Changde。If there is no Liu Yuxi and others in Changde to the Taohua Yuan devoted their efforts to promote the role played by the promotion, I think our Changde Taohua Yuan, I am afraid it will be another unsatisfactory scene。

    Liu Woo-xi is unfortunate, of course, but also underappreciated。He was demoted to Langzhou for ten years from the age of 33. Later, he was demoted to Lianzhou, 蘷 state and He State successively because of the two "Peach blossom poem cases"。This makes him have to find a new way on the road of life, in the field of literature, to create another world。So that he became famous and married, bearing fruitful results, producing huge social benefits, great achievements。In this way, Liu Yuxi is also lucky。The four words "Taoyuan Jiazhi" that he wrote in the peach blossom view, after more than 1200 years and several times carried, are still collected in the peach Blossom Yuan, and also built a "Jiazhi tablet Pavilion" for it.。In the city of Changde, in memory of Liu Yuxi, the "cloud Pavilion" was built on the poem wall and the Sima building was built on the Liuye Lake。The wall of Changde Poetry in China is also engraved with a total of 13 poems and 17 poems written by him in Langzhou。Therefore, the misfortune of literati is often the great fortune of literature。And Liu Yuxi's misfortune, it is the peach blossom yuan's great luck, our Changde's great luck。